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nutrient density
Nutrient density identifies the proportion of nutrients in foods, with terms such as nutrient rich and micronutrient dense referring to similar properties. Several different national and international standards have been developed and are in use (see Nutritional rating systems).
==Definition and usage==
According to the World Health Organization, nutrient profiling〔(Nutrient Profiling: Report of a WHO/IASO Technical Meeting, London, United Kingdom, 4-6 October 2010, accessed 10/15/2014. )〕 classifies and/or ranks foods by their nutritional composition in order to promote human (and/or animal) health and to prevent disease.〔(Nutrient Profiling, accessed 10/15/2014 )〕 Ranking by nutrient density is one such nutrient profiling strategy. Ordering foods by nutrient density is a statistical method of comparing foods by the proportion of nutrients in foods. Some such comparisons can be the glycemic index and the Overall Nutritional Quality Index.
Nutrient-dense foods such as fruits and vegetables are the opposite of energy-dense food (also called "empty calorie" food), such as alcohol and foods high in added sugar or processed cereals.
〔(Hunter, J. G., Cason, K. L., Nutrient Density, Clemson University, 2006(November), accessed 10/15/2014. Nutrient density is defined as "a measure of the nutrients provided per calorie of food, or the ratio of nutrients to calories (energy)." )〕
〔(Darmon, N., Darmon, M., Maillot, M., Drewnowski, A., ''A Nutrient Density Standard for Vegetables and Fruits: Nutrients per Calorie and Nutrients per Unit Cost'', Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 105(12),2005 (December), 1881–1887, DOI: 10.1016/j.jada.2005.09.005, accessed 10/15/2014 )〕
The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics reported in 2013 that:
Several indicators of nutrient quality have been summarized by the Academy.〔Drewnowski, A., Defining nutrient density: Development and validation of the nutrient rich foods index. J Am Coll Nutr. 2009; 28(suppl 4):421S-426S.〕
〔(Drewnowski, A., The Nutrient Rich Foods Index helps to identify healthy, affordable food, Am J Clin Nutr, April 2010, 91(4), 1095S-1101S, accessed 10/15/2014. First published February 24, 2010, doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2010.28450D )〕
The Nutrient Rich Food Index has been developed by a research coalition involving food and nutrition practitioners.〔Trichterborn J, Harzer G, Kunz C. Nutrient profiling and food label claims: Evaluation of dairy products in three major European countries. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2011;65(9): 1032-1038.〕 This index uses nutrient profiles that have been validated against accepted measures of a healthy diet, such as the Healthy Eating Index created by the USDA.〔(Position Paper, Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2013(February), 113(2), 307-317. Position Paper adopted by the House of Delegates Leadership Team on September 13, 2001; June 30, 2005; and August 31, 2010. 2212-2672/$36.00 doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2012.12.013, accessed 10/15/2014. )〕
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